The Unexplored Dimensions of Allama Iqbal
His Personality Traits: The Unique Blend That Defined Iqbal
(a) Visionary Thinker: Bridging East and West
Iqbal’s mind was a rare mix of Eastern mysticism and Western rationality. He didn’t see these as opposites—instead, he believed they complemented each other.
From the East, he absorbed the spiritual depth of Islamic teachings, Rumi’s mysticism, and Persian philosophy.
From the West, he drew on critical thinking and modern scientific inquiry, studying philosophers like Nietzsche, Kant, and Bergson during his time in Europe.
Iqbal’s ability to balance these influences allowed him to craft a philosophy that was rooted in Islamic tradition but forward-thinking and adaptable to modern challenges.
He often wrote about this synthesis in his works, urging Muslims to embrace science and progress while staying true to their spiritual heritage.
(b) Emotionally Resilient: Strength Through Struggles
Despite facing personal and professional challenges, Iqbal remained steadfast in his vision for the revival of the Muslim Ummah.
He lost both his parents during crucial phases of his life, yet he channeled his grief into his poetry and philosophical pursuits.
Financial hardships during his education (which we’ll explore below) could have derailed his ambitions, but his resilience kept him going.
He wasn’t just a dreamer—he was a fighter. His perseverance is a reminder that great visions often come through trials and tribulations.
(c) Philosophical Depth: Abstract Ideas Made Practical
Iqbal wasn’t just a philosopher who pondered abstract concepts—he translated his ideas into actionable guidance.
Through his poetry and speeches, he broke down complex ideas like Khudi (selfhood) and Pan-Islamism into messages that resonated with everyday people.
His philosophy wasn’t confined to ivory towers—it was rooted in the real-world struggles of Muslims under colonial rule.
Iqbal’s ability to connect abstract ideas with practical solutions made him a true leader of thought, inspiring not just intellectuals but also ordinary citizens.
(d) Charming Orator: A Voice That Captivated Audiences
Iqbal wasn’t just an exceptional writer—he was also a compelling speaker.
His speeches combined eloquence, passion, and depth, leaving audiences inspired and introspective.
He could seamlessly weave philosophy, poetry, and politics into his oratory, making his ideas accessible and engaging.
His Allahabad Address (1930), where he first articulated the vision for a separate Muslim homeland, is one of the most powerful speeches in modern history. It wasn’t just the words—it was the conviction behind them that moved people.
Untold Stories from Iqbal’s Life
(a) Relationship with His Mother
Iqbal was profoundly attached to his mother, Imam Bibi, who he often credited for his success. She was a deeply pious and kind-hearted woman, and her prayers and sacrifices played a significant role in shaping Iqbal’s character.
Her Passing in 1914:
When his mother passed away, Iqbal was devastated. His grief is immortalized in an elegy he wrote for her, where he expressed both sorrow and profound respect for her role in his life.
Famous Lines from the Elegy:
“Tere maqtal ko kisi aankh ne dekha hi nahi; Teri qurbani ka charcha bhi zubaanon par nahi.”
Translation: “No eye has witnessed your martyrdom; no tongue has spoken of your sacrifice.”
These lines reflect his deep gratitude for her silent sacrifices.
Despite being a global thinker, Iqbal never lost his sense of personal gratitude and humility, especially toward his family.
(b) Struggles During Education
Iqbal came from a humble background, and funding his education wasn’t easy.
During his studies in Lahore, Cambridge, and Munich, he relied on scholarships and worked part-time to make ends meet.
His time in Europe (1905–1908) was transformative.
He encountered Western philosophies like existentialism and idealism, which helped refine his own ideas.
At the same time, he saw the spiritual emptiness of Western materialism, which strengthened his belief in Islam’s ability to provide a more balanced worldview.
Iqbal’s struggles highlight his determination and adaptability. He turned obstacles into opportunities, using his experiences to enrich his philosophy and poetry.
(c) Health Struggles
In his later years, Iqbal struggled with a chronic throat illness and other health issues that limited his ability to travel and speak publicly.
Despite this, he continued to write, using his poetry as a platform to share his ideas.
His declining health didn’t weaken his resolve. Instead, he poured all his energy into his written works, ensuring that his message would outlive him.
Even during periods of physical discomfort, he remained committed to advocating for justice and unity.
Rejected Knighthood Initially
In 1922, the British government offered Allama Iqbal a knighthood in recognition of his literary and philosophical contributions.
At first, Iqbal rejected the honor, as he was deeply critical of British colonial policies and their treatment of Indian Muslims.
Why Did He Reject It?
Iqbal was vocal about the exploitation of Indians under British rule, and accepting a British title didn’t align with his principles.
He believed that colonial rule had drained the subcontinent of its resources and undermined the dignity of its people, particularly Muslims.
Accepting the knighthood, at that time, could have been seen as aligning with the colonial establishment—something Iqbal deeply opposed.
Iqbal wanted to use his influence to fight for the rights of Muslims in India. Accepting a title without a cause didn’t align with his larger mission.
Why Did He Eventually Accept It?
Later, Iqbal accepted the knighthood in 1923, but his reasoning was strategic:
He recognized that this position could give him a platform to represent Indian Muslims at key political discussions, such as the Round Table Conferences in London.
By accepting the title, he wasn’t endorsing British rule—he was using the opportunity to voice the struggles of Indian Muslims and advocate for their political future.
This story highlights Iqbal’s pragmatism. While he was deeply committed to his principles, he was also willing to make calculated decisions to serve the greater good of the Muslim community.
It reflects his ability to balance idealism with practicality, making him not just a philosopher but a man of action.
His Will: A Testament of Faith and Purpose
Iqbal’s will was a beautifully written document, deeply reflective of his beliefs and priorities. In it, he left behind guidance for the youth, urging them to pursue a life of self-discovery, devotion, and purpose.
The will wasn’t about material possessions—it was about passing on his philosophical and spiritual legacy.
What Did Iqbal Emphasize in his Will?
Iqbal urged young people to explore their inner potential and embrace the concept of Khudi (selfhood).
He believed that understanding one’s self was the first step toward achieving greatness, both personally and collectively.
His message: Don’t just exist—live with purpose and awaken your hidden strengths.
Example from His Poetry:
“Apne mann mein doob kar pa ja suragh-e-zindagi; Tu agar mera nahi banta, na ban, apna to ban.”
Translation: “Dive deep into yourself to find the secret of life; If you don’t become mine, then at least become your own.”
Devotion to Higher Ideals:
Iqbal’s will emphasized staying committed to faith, justice, and the pursuit of truth.
He wanted the youth to align their ambitions with higher values, rather than getting lost in materialism or shallow pursuits.
Service to the Muslim Ummah:
Iqbal saw the youth as the torchbearers of Islam’s revival. His will reflected his hope that future generations would lead the charge in restoring the Muslim world’s dignity and strength.
Iqbal’s will reflects his enduring faith in the youth as the key to societal transformation. It wasn’t about wealth or fame—it was about inspiring the next generation to think, dream, and act with purpose.
It shows his deep commitment to leaving a legacy of ideas, not just material success.
Vision for the Muslim World: A Global Renaissance
Iqbal’s Dream of a Muslim Renaissance
Iqbal didn’t just focus on the Muslims of India—his vision extended to the entire Muslim Ummah (global community).
He believed that Muslims around the world had the potential to lead in science, philosophy, and governance, just as they had during the Islamic Golden Age.
What Did He Advocate For?
Iqbal was a strong proponent of Pan-Islamism, urging Muslims across the globe to unite beyond ethnic and national boundaries.
He believed that Islam’s core principles of equality, justice, and brotherhood could serve as the foundation for this unity.
Famous Line:
“Ek hoon Muslim haram ki pasbani ke liye, Neel ke sahil se le kar tabkhak-e-Kashghar.”
Translation: “Let Muslims unite to protect the sanctuary, from the shores of the Nile to the lands of Kashgar.”
Reviving Intellectual and Scientific Excellence:
Iqbal urged Muslims to embrace modern education while staying true to their spiritual roots.
He criticized the stagnation in Muslim societies, calling for a revival of Ijtihad (independent reasoning) to address contemporary challenges.
Reclaiming Dignity and Sovereignty:
Iqbal’s political vision wasn’t just about achieving independence in India—it was about helping Muslims worldwide regain their dignity and sovereignty after centuries of colonization and decline.
Example:
His Persian work Payam-e-Mashriq (Message of the East) was a call for a dialogue between Eastern spirituality and Western material progress. He believed that this balance could lead to a global renaissance, with the Muslim world playing a central role.
How Did He Express This Vision?
Through his poetry, which was filled with calls for awakening and unity.
Through his political advocacy, especially during his speeches and writings as a leader of the Muslim League.
Through his intellectual works, such as The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam, where he laid out a framework for integrating Islamic principles with modern life.
In a world where the Muslim community often faces challenges of disunity, identity crises, and underrepresentation, Iqbal’s call for a Muslim renaissance continues to resonate.
His ideas provide a roadmap for intellectual revival, spiritual awakening, and global collaboration.
Philosophical Treatise Left Unfinished
Before his health began to decline, Iqbal was exploring the idea of writing a grand philosophical treatise. This work would have combined his ideas on spirituality, politics, and intellect, offering a unified vision for the Muslim world.
The treatise was intended to address the decline of the Muslim Ummah, proposing ways to bridge the gap between faith and modernity.
As Iqbal aged, his health deteriorated significantly due to chronic throat illness and other ailments, limiting his ability to work on such an ambitious project.
Despite this, he continued to write notes and letters that captured his thoughts, leaving behind a roadmap for future thinkers to expand upon.
What’s in His Notes?
His notes reveal ideas about:
Unifying Muslim nations intellectually and spiritually, emphasizing shared values while respecting cultural diversity.
Developing an education system rooted in Islamic principles but open to scientific and modern advancements.
Advocating for a global Muslim renaissance, where knowledge and innovation thrive alongside faith and morality.
Even though the treatise remained incomplete, the fragments of his ideas continue to inspire scholars, leaders, and reformers.
His unfinished work serves as a reminder of his vast intellectual ambition and his belief in the power of ideas to transform societies.
Role as an Educator: Mentoring the Next Generation
Iqbal wasn’t just a poet or philosopher—he was a dedicated educator who believed in nurturing young minds.
As a professor of philosophy and literature at institutions like Government College, Lahore, he actively mentored students and emerging poets.
What Was His Teaching Philosophy?
Critical Thinking:
Iqbal encouraged his students to question established norms and engage in independent reasoning. He believed that true education wasn’t about memorization—it was about intellectual awakening.
He often urged students to explore their inner potential (Khudi), inspiring them to become leaders in their own right.
Self-Expression:
Iqbal recognized the importance of creativity in shaping ideas. He encouraged young poets and writers to use their talents to address social and political issues.
For Iqbal, art and literature weren’t just about aesthetics—they were tools for social reform and spiritual awakening.
Famous Students He Mentored
Faiz Ahmed Faiz:
One of the most celebrated Urdu poets of the 20th century, Faiz was inspired by Iqbal’s ability to merge philosophy with poetry. Faiz’s revolutionary tone and commitment to justice can be traced back to Iqbal’s influence.
Young Scholars and Thinkers:
Many of Iqbal’s students went on to become influential figures in academia, politics, and literature, carrying forward his legacy.
Iqbal’s role as an educator highlights his belief in the power of youth to drive change. By mentoring students, he ensured that his vision for a just and awakened society would live on through the next generation.
Letters to Leaders: Shaping Political Thought
Correspondence with Jinnah
Iqbal’s letters to Muhammad Ali Jinnah are some of the most important historical documents in the early history of Pakistan.
Through these letters, Iqbal shared his vision of a separate Muslim state and provided Jinnah with philosophical and political guidance.
Key Themes in the Letters
The Two-Nation Theory:
Iqbal argued that Muslims and Hindus were distinct nations with different religions, cultures, and social systems.
He believed that Muslims needed a separate homeland to protect their identity and rights.
Famous Quote from His Letters:
“The only way for Muslims to prosper in India is to create a separate state where they can develop according to their own values and traditions.”
Encouragement for Jinnah’s Leadership:
At a time when Jinnah was disillusioned with Indian politics, Iqbal’s letters reignited his passion for the Muslim cause.
Iqbal saw Jinnah as the only leader capable of uniting Muslims and leading them toward independence.
Iqbal Wrote:
“You are the only Muslim leader capable of turning the tide. The destiny of our people depends on your resolve.”
These letters strengthened Jinnah’s resolve to lead the Pakistan Movement and provided him with an ideological foundation.
They also clarified Iqbal’s vision for Pakistan as a state rooted in Islamic values but open to progress and modernity.
Other Letters to Global Leaders
Beyond Jinnah, Iqbal corresponded with intellectuals and leaders around the world, discussing topics like:
- Pan-Islamism and the unity of Muslim nations.
- Colonialism and its impact on developing societies.
- The need for a global awakening rooted in justice and equality.